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Presidential Elections and the Economy

How Are Dubya's Chances?

By Mike Moffatt, About.com

Let's consider the performance of jobs, as measured by the unemployment rate, and the economy as measured by the growth rate of real GDP, under George W. Bush's presidency. We only have data up to and including the first three months of 2004, so we will have to use that for our comparisons. First, the growth rate of real GNP:

Real GNP Growth
Clinton's 2nd Term: 4.20%
2001: 0.5%
2002: 2.2%
2003: 3.1%
2004: 4.2% (First quarter) 37 Months Under Bush: 2.10%
Last 15 Months: 3.32%

and secondly, the average unemployment rate:

The Unemployment Rate
Clinton's 2nd Term: 4.40%
2001: 4.76%
2002: 5.78%
2003: 6.00%
2004: 5.63% (First quarter) 37 Months Under Bush: 5.51%
Last 15 Months: 5.92%

We see that both real GNP growth and the unemployment rate have been worse under the Bush administration than they were under Clinton in his second term as President. As we can see from our real GNP growth statistics, the growth rate of real GNP has been rising steadily since the recession at the beginning of decade, whereas the unemployment rate is continuing to get worse. By looking at these trends, we can compare this administration's performance on jobs and the economy to the six we have already seen:

  1. Lower Economic Growth than the Previous Administration: This occured in two cases where the incumbent won (Eisenhower, Reagan) and two cases where the incumbent lost (Ford, Bush)

  2. Economy Improved In the Last Two Years: This occured in two of the cases where the incumbent won (Eisenhower, Reagan) and none of the cases where the incumbent lost.

  3. Higher Unemployment Rate than the Previous Administration: This occured in two of the cases where the incumbent won (Reagan, Clinton) and one case where the incumbent lost (Ford)

  4. Higher Unemployment Rate in the Last Two Years: This occured in none of the cases where the incumbent won. In the case of the Eisenhower and Reagan first term administrations, there was almost no difference in the two-year and full-term unemployment rates, so we must be careful not to read too much into this. This did, however, occur in one case where the incumbent lost (Ford).

While it may be popular in some circles to compare the performance of the economy under Bush Sr. to that of Bush Jr., judging by our chart they have little in common. The biggest difference is that Dubya was fortunate enough to have his recession right at the beginning of his presidency, while the senior Bush was not so lucky. The performance of the economy seems to fall somewhere in between the Gerald Ford administration and the first Reagan administration. That, coupled with all the non economic issues such as the war in Iraq, makes it difficult to tell if George W. Bush will end up in the "Incumbents Who Won" or the "Incumbents who Lost" column. As of May 7, 2004, Internet trading site Tradesports.com gives George W. Bush a 60% chance of winning the upcoming election, showing that the betting public is split on the President's chances as well.

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